What are the most common hematological diseases in children?
The most frequent conditions in pediatric hematology include:
Red Blood Cell Disorders
- Anemias due to membrane defects: hereditary spherocytosis
- Enzyme deficiency anemias: glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, pyruvate kinase (PK) deficiency
- Hemoglobin disorders: sickle cell disease, methemoglobinemia, thalassemia, other hemoglobinopathies
- Immune hemolytic anemias: transfusion-related, hemolytic disease of the newborn, cold antibody hemolytic anemia, warm antibody hemolytic anemia, paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria, drug-induced hemolytic anemia
- Hypersplenism
- Aregenerative anemias: Diamond-Blackfan anemia, transient erythroblastopenia, bone marrow aplasia, congenital dyserythropoiesis, myelodysplastic syndromes
- Iron deficiency anemia, anemia of chronic disease, megaloblastic anemia
Bone Marrow Failure Syndromes
- Acquired aplastic anemia, Fanconi anemia, Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (PNH), erythroblastopenia, amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia
Myeloid Disorders
- Neutropenia, neutrophilia, myelodysplastic syndromes, myeloproliferative disorders
Lymphoid Disorders
- Lymphocytosis, lymphopenia, lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, hypersplenism
Platelet Disorders
- Central thrombocytopenias, immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), essential thrombocythemia, secondary thrombocytosis
Coagulation Disorders
- Bleeding disorders, congenital and acquired coagulation disorders (hemophilia, von Willebrand disease), thrombophilia
Other Hematologic Disorders
- Congenital or acquired immunodeficiencies, storage diseases