What are the most frequent diseases in children?
The most frequent diseases in children's oncology are:
Disorders of erythrocyte production
- Anemia caused by alteration at the membrane: spherocytosis.
- Anemia caused by enzyme deficiency: Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, pyruvate kinase (PK) deficiency.
- Anemia caused by sickle hemoglobin: sickle cell disease, methemoglobinemia, thalassemia, other hemoglobinopathies.
- Immunological hemolytic anemias: transfusion-associated, hemolytic disease of the newborn, cold agglutinins disease, warm antibody autoimmune hemolytic anemia, paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria, drug-induced hemolytic anemia.
- Hypersplenism.
- Hypoplastic anemias: Diamond–Blackfan anemia, transient erythroblastopenia, aplastic anemia, bone marrow aplasia, congenital dyserythropoiesis, myelodysplastic syndromes.
- Iron-deficiency anemia, anemia of chronic disease, megaloblastic anemias.
Bone marrow failure syndromes
- Acquired aplastic anemia, Fanconi anemia, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH), erythroblastopenia, amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia.
Myeloid system diseases
- Neutropenia, neutrophilia, myelodysplastic syndromes, myeloproliferative syndromes.
Lymphoid system diseases
- Lymphocytosis, lymphopenia, adenopathy, splenomegaly, hypersplenism.
Platelets disorders
- Central thrombocytopenia, immune thrombocytopenia (immune thrombocytopenic purpura, ITP), essential thrombocytosis, secondary thrombocytosis.
Hemostasis
- Hemorrhagic diathesis, congenital or acquired alterations in coagulation (hemophilia, Von Willebrand disease…), thrombophilia.
Other blood disorders
- Histiocytosis, congenital or acquired immunodeficiencies, storage diseases.